Zolpidem is a medication primarily used to treat insomnia, a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. It is a sedative-hypnotic drug that belongs to a class of medications known as nonbenzodiazepines, which have a similar mechanism of action as benzodiazepines but with some pharmacological differences.

Zolpidem works by enhancing the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter in the brain that helps to regulate brain activity. GABA acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, meaning it reduces the activity of neurons and helps promote relaxation and sleepiness. Zolpidem specifically targets GABA receptors, binding to them and increasing their activity, which leads to a calming effect on the brain.

When someone takes zolpidem, it helps to reduce the time it takes to fall asleep (sleep latency) and increases the total sleep duration. Additionally, it tends to decrease the number of nighttime awakenings, allowing for more continuous and restful sleep.

Zolpidem is usually prescribed for short-term use because its effectiveness may diminish over time and to avoid the potential for dependence or tolerance. It is essential to follow the prescribed dosage and instructions from a healthcare professional when using zolpidem or any other medication for insomnia to minimize the risk of side effects and to ensure safe and effective treatment.